Role of Lipids and Inflammasome Gene Polymorphisms in Type 1 Diabetes

Elneely, Enas A.; Saad, Entsar A.; Elsharkawy, Ashraf A.; Toson, Elshahat A.; Attia, Zeinab R.

doi:10.21608/ejpa.2025.361976.1083

Role of Lipids and Inflammasome Gene Polymorphisms in Type 1 Diabetes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt

² Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

³ Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

10.21608/ejpa.2025.361976.1083

Abstract

Background: Inflammasomes are innate immune system protein complexes that control the activation of inflammatory responses. Lipids and lipid peroxidation can amend inflammasome activation and functions. Genetic variables have a substantial impact on type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) susceptibility. Objective: We aimed to investigate, for the first time, if lipids, lipid peroxidation, and polymorphisms of NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasome-related gene variations (NlRP1 rs12150220 A/T and NLRC4 rs385076 C/T) are associated in T1DM in an Egyptian pediatric cohort. Methods: This case-control study included 120 Egyptian pediatrics meeting the diagnostic criteria for classical T1DM and 121 non-diabetic pediatric controls. Lipid profile and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were estimated. TaqManTM assay and Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were used for genotyping the NLRP1 rs12150220 A/T and NLRC4 rs385076 C/T variants on the Artus Rotor-Gene Qiagen apparatus. Results: Cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and LPO were increased (p<0.001) and showed association with T1DM susceptibility (OR=1.046, 95% CI=1.032–1.060, p<0.001), (OR=1.038, 95% CI=1.013–1.065, p=0.003), (OR=1.023, 95% CI=1.012–1.034, p<0.001), and (OR=2.133, 95% CI=1.762-2.581, p<0.001), respectively. NLRP1 rs12150220 A/T and NLRC4 rs385076 C/T did not show a significant association of genotypes or alleles with T1DM susceptibility or lipid profile or LPO (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our findings prove lipid profile and lipid peroxidation as independent markers for predicting T1DM susceptibility. We did not find proof that the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with lipid profile, or lipid peroxidation in our T1DM cohort.

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